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The principal and mirror must share a Distributor. Microsoft recommends that you use a remote Distributor because this provides greater fault tolerance if the Publisher has an unplanned failover. The Publisher and Distributor must be SQL Server 2005 servers. Subscribers can run SQL Server 2005 or a previous version, but functionality is limited if Subscribers are not SQL Server 2005 servers. Replication supports mirroring the publication database for merge or transactional replication with read-only Subscribers or queued updating Subscribers. Immediate updating Subscribers, Oracle Publishers, Publishers in a peer-to-peer topology, and republishing are not supported. Metadata and objects that exist outside the database are not copied to the mirror. These include logins, jobs, and linked servers. If you require the metadata and objects at the mirror, you need to copy them manually.

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You might think that using an INSTEAD OF trigger would solve this problem, because it would be executed prior to the insert, update, or delete statement that is actually being executed. However, this is not the case. With this type of trigger, you have another performance penalty to pay. Because these triggers also provide you with the inserted and deleted tables against which to do your validation checks, SQL Server must pretend to issue the insert, update, or delete statement to populate these tables with the data touched by the statement performed. Then, if your trigger doesn t find any errors, you will have to issue a DML statement in the trigger to apply the changes found in the inserted or deleted table to the actual table. This type of trigger would only be better than an AFTER trigger if most executions contain errors. In SQL Server 2005, triggers populate the inserted and deleted tables in tempdb. This might cause tempdb to require more space and have to handle more load than it would without the use of the trigger. Another common use for triggers is to maintain denormalized (that is, redundantly stored) data. Note that the query optimizer cannot use code found in triggers to create better execution plans.

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The top-level procedure for configuring replication with database mirroring consists of the following steps: 1. Configure the Publisher. 2. Configure database mirroring.

For data validation checks, use triggers only if you can t do the same check using constraints or in your stored procedure. For example, if you need to compare the value found before an update with the new value being inserted, you might use a trigger.

Figure 7-5

This configuration provides the same fault tolerance as RAID 5; however, it provides much better performance.

For this exam, knowing when constraints, AFTER triggers, and INSTEAD OF triggers are executed is important.

You construct a stripe of mirrors by first creating a series of mirror sets and then build ing a RAID 0 set across the mirror sets, as shown in Figure 7-6.

3. Configure the mirror to use the same Distributor as the principal. 4. Configure replication agents for failover. 5. Add the principal and mirror to Replication Monitor.

Figure 7-6

Usually, you manage permissions by applying them to securables using the GRANT, DENY, and REVOKE statements. However, sometimes you might need to verify certain security settings inside a stored procedure. There are several functions available to help you with this. One example is the IS_MEMBER function. It can check whether the current user is a member of a specific database role or Windows group. If you issue the statement SELECT IS_MEMBER('BUILTIN\Administrators'), it will return 1 if the current user is a member of the local Windows Administrators group and 0 if she is not. If the current user is not logged on using Windows authentication, the function will return NULL. There are several functions of this type that you can use. More information about them is available from SQL Server 2005 Books Online under the topic Security Functions (Transact-SQL) at http:// msdn2.microsoft.com/en-us/library/ms186236.aspx.

A stripe of mirrors provides maximum redundancy as well as maximizing the per formance of the disk array. This configuration is still built using RAID 0, so if you lose all drives in a single mirror set, you lose the entire storage array. However, as long as you do not lose all drives within a mirror set, the dual-mirrored configura tion shown in Figure 7-6 can tolerate the loss of 50 percent of the drives in the array and still be operational.